The document summarizes the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi and the Communists led by Mao Zedong. It describes how the Communists gained support from peasants who were dissatisfied with the corrupt Nationalist government. The Communists used guerilla tactics like retreating when the Nationalists advanced and harassing them when they stopped. These tactics, along with widespread support from peasants, allowed the Communists to eventually defeat the Nationalists despite being outnumbered, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 with Mao as its leader.

1. Chinese Civil War & Triumph of Communism Material taken from 30-3 and 33-2

2. Sun Yixian Who is Sun Yixian? Why is he significant?

3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shikai Warlords in power in many districts Kuomintang has control of southern China Yuan Shikai

4. The Communist Party in China

5. Lenin Befriends China W. Democracies don’t support Sun Yixian’s request for aid… turn to USSR Kuomintang (in south) allies with Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Lenin sends help to China What forms of help does Lenin send? Military advisers, equipment, Chinese soldiers go to Moscow for training

6. Nationalists and Communists Clash Nationalists and Communists fight against warlords together Soon Jiang turns against Communists

7. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928

8. Jiang Jieshi AKA Chiang Kai-Shek Political and military leader of China Nationalist Party Ruled as a dictator Fears Communists goal of Socialist economy 1927 Communist Purges

9. Peasants Align Themselves with Communists Jiang’s government: promises democracy…but very corrupt Does not improve life of peasants Peasants turn to Communist Party

10. Mao’s Version of Communism? Lenin – got support from the workers in the cities Mao – support of the rural peasants in China

11. Civil War in China

12. Guerilla Tactics? Retreat when enemy advances Harass when enemy encamps Attack when enemy hesitates Pursue when enemy retreats

13. What were the results of the Long March? 2/3 did not complete journey Turning point of Chinese Civil War: More Chinese people joined the Communists

14. The Long March 1933: Nationalists surrounded Communists; outnumber 6:1 1934: Communists fled 6,000 mile-long journey Lasts more than a year Starts out with 100,000; 10-30,000 reach NW China safely

16. Japan’s Invasion Suspends the Civil War 1931: invade Manchuria 1937: all-out invasion of China What is the effect of Japan’s invasion on the Civil War? Civil War stops when Nationalists and Communists join forces against Japan

18. Civil War in China U.S. supports Nationalists -- $2 billion in aid; army outnumbers Communists 3:1 Communists, however – public support & guerilla tactics

19. Reasons for the Communists’ Success Mao won support of peasants Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw Nationalist government as corrupt Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China

20. People’s Republic of China October 1949: Nationalists flee 3. What aspect of the Communist approach do you think was most responsible for Mao’s victory?

21. Barebones Civil War

22. Mao Zedong 1893-1976 Revolutionary, leader of Long March Leader of China 1943-1976

23. Mao’s Reforms

24. “Great Leap Forward” 1958 Ambitious program to expand success of 1st Five Year Plan Larger collective farms (communes) Strict control of communes – huge communities

25. “Great Leap Forward”… or “Great Leap Backward?” Poor planning Inefficient industries Crop failures Discontinued in 1961 NOTE: YOUR PAPER SAYS 1861…fix it

26. What circumstances prevented Mao’s Great Leap Froward from bringing economic prosperity to China? Mao’s strict socialism Life in a commune Environmental problems

27. New Policies and Mao’s Response Territorial disputes; Soviet aid to China stops Mao reduces role of government Relaxes strict socialism until 1966

28. Cultural Revolution Red Guards: student-formed militia units Goal – establish society of peasants and workers in which all were equal Shut down colleges and schools Target anyone with privileges or resisted regime Thousands executed or died in jail

29. Cultural Revolution1966-1976 Chaos; factories and farm production threatened Red Guards dissolved Radical movement led to calls for modernization in China and a more moderate approach

30. How did this radical China become an ally of the United States? China began opening up door again in the 1970s Modernizing China – agriculture, industry, defense, and science / technology Eliminate many of Mao’s reforms (communes, etc.) China is still Communist

31. U.S. doesn’t approve of Communist regime in China…but open to them economically 2000: U.S. voted to normalize trade with China…best way to prompt change is through greater engagement Today…Google issues in China How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?

32. China Today Economy forecasted to be bigger than U.S. economy by 2016 China still has planned economy…but keeps opening up to further western influence Human rights discussion in China

33. One-Child Policy Introduced in 1978, implemented 1979 Family permitted to have one child Policy has developed – Fines for extra children, plus have to pay for education and health care Multiple births ARE allowed Implications: Male: Female = 117:100 (vs. average of 103:100) Infanticide, forced abortions, abandoning children Not implemented the same throughout China – some districts = more strict than others March 2011 – reconsidered, discuss possibility of 2 child policy?